atha — then; gāvaḥ — the cows; ca — and; gopāḥ — the cowherd boys; ca — and; nidāgha — of the summer; ātapa — by the glaring sun; pīḍitāḥ — distressed; duṣṭam — contaminated; jalam — the water; papuḥ — they drank; tasyāḥ — of the river; tṛṣa-ārtāḥ — tormented by thirst; viṣa — by poison; dūṣitam — spoiled.